The incident happened in New Oxford Street near Tottenham Court Road just before 11am on April 12.
Officers and London Ambulance Service crews attended and found the cyclist, a man in his 20s, injured.
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He was later taken to hospital for treatment where he remains in a life-threatening condition.
A man was later arrested at the scene on suspicion of causing injuries by careless driving.
He remains in police custody.
A spokesperson for Metropolitan Police said: “A man has been arrested and remains in custody on suspicion of causing injuries by careless driving after a van struck a cyclist in New Oxford Street at 10:59am on Saturday, April 12.
“The cyclist, a man in his 20s, was treated at the scene by the London Ambulance Service. He was later transferred to hospital where he remains in a life-threatening condition.”
