The shop at Kew Retail Park already has a food hall, but the clothing and home departments take up significantly more floorspace.
However, M&S has said that it now wants to more than double the size of the supermarket to “enable the full range” of its products to be sold.
The food hall would include a “walk-around cheese barge” as well as a larger bakery section, according to a planning application submitted to Richmond upon Thames Council.
The upgraded supermarket would also sell Plant Kitchen and Gastropub product lines, and offer customers manned or self-service checkouts.
Although M&S is not looking to increase the overall size of its shop, it requires council approval to enlarge its food hall due to planning restrictions on this part of the store.
The proposals come just weeks after developer St George, which owns the other half of the retail park site, submitted an application that would allow the Sports Direct to be turned into a supermarket.
Planning documents suggest that this would be occupied by a discount supermarket brand.
The two planning applications follow stalling efforts to redevelop the entire site for housing and a new M&S store.
St George put forward plans in 2022 to build up to 1,200 new homes on the site, including affordable housing, shops and improved public space.
The plans also suggested moving M&S from its existing building to a new store at the retail park with homes above.
But the developer said at the end of last year that for the foreseeable future it would retain the site “in its current use as a retail investment”.
Richmond upon Thames Council is yet to make a decision on either the plan for a bigger M&S supermarket or the proposal for a new supermarket at the retail park.